Get to Know The Female Reproductive Hormones
Our bodies use chemical messengers called hormones to grow, develop, and stay healthy. In the female reproductive system, four main hormones work together to control the menstrual cycle and support pregnancy. These hormones are estrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).
At Center For Women, we believe knowing how these hormones function can help you understand your body better. Whether you are considering your options or simply want to track your cycle, understanding the basics can reduce stress and confusion.
Estrogen
Estrogen is often called the “female hormone,” although men have it too in smaller amounts. In women, estrogen helps build the lining of the uterus each cycle so that a baby can implant and grow. It also influences breast development and helps keep bones strong. Levels of estrogen rise during the first half of your menstrual cycle. As estrogen increases, you may notice clearer skin or more energy. Tracking these changes can give clues about when your body is preparing to release an egg.
Progesterone
Progesterone is sometimes called the “pregnancy hormone” because it helps create a welcoming environment in the uterus after ovulation. When an egg is released, progesterone thickens the uterine lining so a fertilized egg can attach and grow. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels drop, triggering menstruation. These hormone shifts can cause mood swings, cramps, or bloating. Physical and emotional changes are a normal part of the cycle and are all caused by these hormone shifts.
Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
FSH and LH are released by a small gland at the base of your brain called the pituitary. FSH tells the ovaries to start maturing several eggs each month. As eggs grow, they produce more estrogen. This rising estrogen signals the pituitary to release a burst of LH.
The LH surge triggers ovulation, or the release of a mature egg. After ovulation, FSH and LH levels fall, allowing progesterone to take center stage. Tracking LH surges with at-home tests can help you identify your most fertile days.
Hormone changes through the menstrual cycle
- Menstruation – Low hormone levels cause the uterine lining to shed.
- Follicular phase – FSH rises, follicles grow, estrogen increases.
- Ovulation – LH surge releases the egg around day 14.
- Luteal phase – Progesterone climbs to support possible pregnancy.
Each phase brings its own set of symptoms. You may feel tired or moody when hormones are low and more energetic when they climb. Tracking these phases can empower you to plan ahead or seek support when needed.
How hormone changes affect you
Fluctuating hormones can cause physical symptoms like cramps, breast tenderness, headaches, or acne. They can also affect emotions, leading to mood swings or anxiety. Knowing that these feelings are linked to hormone patterns can help you practice self-care, like resting, staying hydrated, or talking with someone you trust. If you ever feel overwhelmed, Center For Women offers free, confidential help. You don’t have to face these changes alone. Our team can walk you through what’s normal and suggest healthy ways to manage discomfort.
Support from Center For Women
At Center for Women, we’re here to educate and support you on every step of your journey. Whether you want to learn more about your cycle, need emotional support, or have questions about pregnancy options, we provide caring guidance with respect for your choices.
Our services are confidential and free. You can schedule one-on-one talks, pick up easy-to-read materials, or join a small support group. We believe knowledge and support can bring hope and strength, no matter where you are in your decision-making process.
